Forced to work from home during the pandemic, accounts payable departments have accelerated plans to move away from paper checks and pay more of their suppliers by ACH. That, in turn, accelerated another trend—fraud. Through social engineering, fraud attacks on ACH credits are most commonly known as Business Email Compromises or BECs.
According to the "2020 AFP Payments and Fraud Control Survey Report," for the first time, in 2019, BEC schemes were the most common type of fraud attack experienced, with 75% of organizations experiencing an attack and 54% of those reporting financial losses. ACH credits—outgoing payments from buyer to supplier—were targeted in 37% of BEC schemes.
The problem has only gotten worse in 2020. In the September edition of their "Fraud in the Wake of COVID-19 Benchmarking Report," the ACFE reports that 90% of respondents have seen an increase in cyber fraud frequency from July through August. This included BECs.
Three-quarters of respondents said that preventing and detecting fraud has become more difficult in the current environment, and more than 90% expect attacks to increase. Organizations are under siege, and nearly one-third have received no guidance from banking partners about mitigating ACH credit risks.
So, what can organizations do? Defeating BECs requires a multi-pronged approach. Ongoing anti-fraud training is important because these emails are getting more convincing every day. Fraudsters have become experts in user data and A/B testing, which reduces elements that alert their victims of illegitimate changes to their accounts. Strong internal controls also are important and network security, which prevents parties from gaining access to internal systems.
Here are four ways to reduce your ACH credit fraud risk.
1. Handle with CareThwarting
ACH credit fraud is all about handling supplier banking data securely, which accounts payable must have on hand to transmit their payment file to the bank. This data often is stored in the ERP system or sometimes on an Excel spreadsheet, where AP staff has been recorded during supplier onboarding. Sometimes it is stored when a supplier updates its information. Fraudulent change requests are one of the most frequent avenues of attack.
Let’s say you have a new person in accounts payable who is not fully trained yet. This person receives an email from a supplier, asking to update its bank account information.
Your new hire, eager to please, fulfills the request, inputting a new routing number and bank account, unaware that a million-dollar payment to that supplier is going out the next day. Nobody realizes what has happened until two weeks later when the real supplier calls, asking for payment.
By then, it is too late to reel ACH payments back in. You can call the FBI and the bank. They may try to help you, but if the thieves are sophisticated enough, they have already moved the money to offshore accounts, and it is completely gone.
2. Secure Information
You should never use an unsecured email for banking information updates, although a surprising number of companies still do. It is too easy for hackers to intercept one of those emails and use the information within it for their own means. If they get contact or bank account information, they can pose as legitimate suppliers and circumvent internal controls. Some businesses even keep information in spreadsheets or their ERPs, but systems like those are not designed to store data securely.
Some companies allow suppliers to update their own information in supplier portals. That might work, provided that companies manage secure portal access and verify all updates. However, if suppliers can log in and update information, it likely is that hackers can access the same information with very little resistance.
The most sophisticated approach that I have seen so far includes a trained procurement team, who verifies and validates all changes that come through.
There are a couple of drawbacks to this approach. It is a big IT investment with plenty of labor tasks. Even then, it is still prone to internal fraud. At the end of the day, even the best systems will still have their risks. The goal is to minimize them.
3. Look at Fees
Companies often try to shift the risk and time burden to others, with some success. For example, they may choose to pay their suppliers by card, which puts the risk on credit card networks. In cases of card fraud, it is more likely that payments can be canceled or refunded.
Virtual cards offer even more security because they provide unique numbers, which can only be used by a specified supplier for a specified amount. The big drawback is that not all suppliers accept cards—there are fees to consider.
An organization I am familiar with pays many of its suppliers with PayPal. Their supplier—most of them small businesses—are located around the world. AP does not have the time or staff to verify payment information, validate bank accounts and deal with ongoing updates. As the intermediary, PayPal handles all that and guarantees that the funds go to the right place. But, here again, suppliers pay a hefty fee—in the neighborhood of 3%.
4. Shift the Risk
There really is no perfect system in place, which is why we are seeing ACH credit fraud rise in tandem with the rise in ACH payments. But there is a perfect way to shift the risk to companies that are built to withstand the verification and validation burdens. Today’s payment automation providers manage supplier information, so individual companies no longer have to spend valuable time on it.
It is similar to handing the reins to IT and procurement departments to lock down the database and institute controls. The difference is that working with a provider removes the time investment and liability.
Think of payment automation providers as a means to outsource risk. Their sole focus is to ensure secure, on-time payments to your suppliers without causing costly overhead. They have perfected the systems and processes for hundreds of thousands of AP departments across the US, and in ways that businesses would be hard-pressed to replicate.
Businesses used to worry about check fraud above all else. While they still have to pay attention to that aspect, it’s become a low-tech form of fraud that’s easy to understand and plan for. As companies shift to electronic payment means, they’re increasingly experiencing sophisticated cyberattacks, which target much larger sums and are harder to defend against.
With such attacks growing, businesses may find that outsourcing professionals is the best defense.
Jeremiah Bennett is the Director of Information Security for Corpay, a FLEETCOR Company which helps companies of all sizes simplify how they pay suppliers, facilitate treasury payments, and reduce risk.
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